Dr Christine Sheldon

Dr Christine Sheldon

School of Government
Research Fellow in Computational Social Science

Contact details

Address
The School of Government
University 麻豆精选
Edgbaston
Birmingham
B15 2TT
UK

Christine Sheldon is a research fellow in computational social science at the Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Governance. Her research is concerned with the intersection of AI and democratic representation. This includes projects investigating the use of large language models in constituency service to minimise implicit bias, as well as employing generative agents to simulate political negotiations and policy making. Previously she was at the University of Oxford, where she completed a PhD in politics employing machine learning to study game-theoretical interactions between political parties joined in coalition government. 

Qualifications

  • Fellow, International Strategy Forum, 2025
  • PhD in Politics, University of Oxford, 2024
  • MPhil in European Politics and Society, University of Oxford, 2020
  • BA in Politics and Sociology, Erasmus University College Rotterdam, 2015

Biography

Originally from the Netherlands, Christine relocated to the United Kingdom in 2018 to pursue graduate studies at the University of Oxford. She earned an MPhil in European Politics (2018–2020), followed by a PhD in Politics (2020–2024), during which she specialised in computational methods in political science. Throughout graduate school, she predominantly taught graduate-level courses on data science and machine learning applications in social sciences and the humanities. 

In early 2024, Christine joined the University 麻豆精选 as a research fellow in computational social science, focusing on developing AI-driven approaches to study governance and exploring how governments deploy artificial intelligence in

public service provision. Beyond academia, Christine has experience in the public sector, contributing to the Inter-Parliamentary Union’s Global Parliamentary Report (2022) on parliamentary public engagement.

Research

At the Centre for AI in Government (CAIG), Christine is engaged in a diverse range of projects. For example, her research on computational methods in constituency service explores both the dynamics of polarization in direct political communication and biases in constituency responses. Drawing on a novel dataset of 250,000 citizen questions and nearly 200,000 political replies from Germany, she examines polarization trends over two decades. She also investigates bias in responses to constituency queries facilitated by Large Language Models (LLMs). Although automation reduces human disparities in response rates and quality across demographic groups, her experiments demonstrate that LLM-generated responses still exhibit subtler forms of bias, albeit at lower levels than human responses.

In turn, together with her colleagues at CAIG, she is contributing to the development of Large Language Model (LLM)-based digital twins to analyse governance, focusing on EU policy decision-making. Using LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), the project aims to simulate structured negotiation processes. The European Parliament serves as the initial case study, leveraging annotated EU negotiation transcripts for high-fidelity simulations. This adaptable framework will lay groundwork for scalable governance analysis applications, bridging computational innovation with policymaking. 

Finally, her PhD research examined coalition governance by analysing the dynamic behaviour of political parties in coalition cabinets, with a focus on "coalition differentiation"—when parties prioritize distinct goals over coalition unity. Through supervised text classification of parliamentary speeches, she introduced a novel, monthly measure of differentiation across 10 European countries, enabling unparalleled comparative analysis. Her findings reveal that powerful parties often differentiate to influence policy negotiations and threaten coalition stability. The contributions of her thesis are currently being refined for publication.